本中文版筆記翻譯自英文原版。
迴享團隊已根據教育局文件及教科書，竭盡所能確保翻譯質素，惟如仍有失誤，請見諒。
橫向擴張 Horizontal Expansion
廠商擴展屬於同一產品的的相同生產階段。
Producing the same type of goods.
縱向後向擴張 Vertical Backward Expansion
擴展至上一個生產階段（向原本的業務提供原材料生產要素。）
Expanding to the previous stage of production (Providing raw materials / factor input for the original business.)
縱向前向擴張 Vertical Forward Expansion
擴展至下一個生產階段（擴展至市場的銷售渠道。）
Expanding to the next stage of production (Expanding to the market outlets.)
擴展至相關但沒有競爭關係的產品。
Expanding to a related but not competitive business.
集團擴張 Conglomerate Expansion
無關的產業／不同的生產線（完全不相關的商品／服務。）
Unrelated industries / different lines of production (Totally different types of goods and services.)
廠商擴張的普遍動機 General Motivations for Firms Expansion
享有規模經濟（例如：以較大產量攤分總廣告宣傳成本）從而減低平均成本。
Enjoy economies of scales (e.g. total advertising cost can be spread over a larger quantity of output) to reduce average cost.
廠商擴張的具體動機 Specific Motivations for Firms Expansion
橫向擴張 Horizontal Expansion
增加市場佔有率。
Increase market share.
縱向後向擴張 Vertical Backward Expansion
確保產出的銷售渠道充足。
Ensure stable market outlets of goods.
把產品的品牌運用於其他的產品上。
Extends its brand name to other products.
縱向前向擴張 Vertical Forward Expansion
把產品的品牌運用於其他的產品上。
Extends its brand name to other products.
通過產品／市場多元化去分散業務風險。
Market / product diversification to spread business risks.
把產品的品牌運用於其他的產品上。
Extends its brand name to other products.
集團擴張 Conglomerate Expansion
通過產品／市場多元化去分散業務風險。
Market / product diversification to spread business risks.
把產品的品牌運用於其他的產品上。
Extends its brand name to other products.
