經濟 ECON|廠商與生產 Firms and Production|市場結構 Market Structure

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壟斷性競爭 Monopolistic Competition

市場上有很多賣家 (而沒有具支配力的賣家。)
Many sellers in the market  (there are no dominant sellers.)

寡頭壟斷 Oligopoly

市場上有數家具支配力的賣家。
A few sellers dominate the market.

壟斷 Monopoly

市場上只有一個賣家。
Only one seller in the market.


為甚麼這個市場不是完全競爭?Why a Market is not Perfect Competition?

答題框架一 Answering Framework 1

關鍵字 Keywords

賣家提供異質商品/服務。
Sellers provide heterogeneous products / services.

例子 Examples

具有不同質素和功能的產品/服務。
Products / services with different quality and features.

答題框架二 Answering Framework 2

關鍵字 Keywords

市場資訊不完全。
Imperfect market information.

例子 Examples

不同賣家的商品/服務的價格/品質。
The price / quality of goods / services from different sellers.

答題框架三 Answering Framework 3

關鍵字 Keywords

賣家是尋價者。
Sellers are price searchers.

例子 Examples

不同的賣家為他們的商品設置不同的價格。
Different sellers set different prices for their goods.

答題框架四 Answering Framework 4

關鍵字 Keywords

非價格競爭。
Non-price competition.

例子 Examples

廣告,特別禮物。
Advertising, Special gifts.


為什麼相同商品會有不同的價錢?Why there is a price difference with the same product?

原因一 Reason 1

賣家提供異質服務。
Sellers are providing heterogeneous services.

例子 Examples

賣家或會定一個較高的價格,因為他們提供更優質的售後服務/營業時間。
Sellers may set higher prices because they provide better after-sale services / opening hours.

原因二 Reason 2

市場訊息不完全。
Imperfect market information.

例子 Examples

賣家不知道其他商店的商品價格。
Sellers do not know the prices of products in other shops.

原因三 Reason 3

生產成本不同。
Production costs are different.

例子 Examples

該商店或位於一個更便利的位置,而該位只需要支付更高的租金,因此商品價格會較高。
The shop may be located in a more convenient location which needs to pay higher rental payment, so the price of the good is higher.

該商店的規模可能較大,所以該商店可以享受折扣優惠,以批發價大量採購商品,令價格下降。
The scale of the shop may be higher, so the shop can enjoy discounts on the bulk purchase of products at the wholesale level (批發) , leading to lower price.


完全競爭與不完全競爭的差別 Difference Between Perfect Competition and Imperfect Competitions

完全競爭與不完全競爭的差別 Difference Between Perfect Competition and Imperfect Competitions