DAT｜機械組織 Mechanisms｜S2 科技原理 Technological Principles
齒輪 Gear
簡單齒輪系 Simple gear trains
參考試題：手動木琴 2023-DAT-P2C-Q8(b)(i)
主動輪上有齒能連續嚙合來傳遞動力，隨動輪被帶動作逆時針方向旋轉，將把手的運動傳達至音輪。
There are teeth on the driver that continuously mesh to transmit power. The driven will be driven and rotated counter-clockwise, thus transmit power from the handle to the music drum.
複合齒輪系 Compound gear trains
參考試題：手動發電電筒 2019-DAT-P1-Q4(a)
複合齒輪組功能：提升轉動速度
Compound gear train function: Increase motion speed
傘齒輪 Bevel gears
齒條和齒輪 Rack and pinion
參考試題：電子門鎖 2024-DAT-P1-Q2(c)(i)
伺服馬達驅動鎖舌橫向移動，令門鎖解鎖。
The servo-motor drives the deadbolt moving horizontally to unlock the door lock.
運作原理：旋轉運動轉變成直線運動
Working principle: Rotational motion is transformed into linear motion
參考試題：升降機門 2022-DAT-P1-Q3(b)
蝸桿和蝸輪 Worms and worm gears
參考試題：電動按摩椅墊按摩組件 2023-DAT-P1-Q4(b)
參考試題：影像自動旋轉投影球 2021-DAT-P1-Q4(d)
棘輪和棘爪 Ratchet and pawl
參考試題：手動木琴（音輪只能單方向轉動）2023-DAT-P2C-Q8(c)
安裝位置：在部件一的位置
運作原理：透過棘爪防止棘輪逆轉，使旋轉運動只能單方向進行。
The installation position: at the position of Part 1
Working principle: the pawl prevents the ratchet from reversing so the rotary motion can be sustained in a single direction.
帶傳動 Belt drive
帶和滑輪 Belts and pulleys
參考試題：手動木琴 2023-DAT-P2C-Q8(b)(i)
滑輪配合傳動帶，隨動輪會被帶動及作逆時針方向旋轉，將把手的運動傳達至音輪。
Pulleys and driving belt. The follower wheel will be driven and rotated counter-clockwise, and so transmit power from the handle to the music drum.
帶和滑輪 Belts and pulleys（交叉皮帶 Cross belt）
同步帶和輪 Timing belts and pulleys／齒形帶傳動 Toothed belt drive
鏈輪和鏈條 Sprockets and chains
參考試題：扶手電梯踏板運行 2021-DAT-P1-Q2(b)
利用踏板上的軸，帶動多件踏板同時運行。
Using the shafts on the steps to drive multiple steps to move at the same time.
參考試題：單車傳動系統 2016-DAT-P1-Q4(b)
騎單車者在踏板上施力令其圍繞主軸轉動
The rider applies force to the pedals causing them to rotate about the main shaft
旋轉運動由驅動鏈輪通過鏈條傳遞到從動鏈輪
Rotational motion is transferred from the driver gear to the driven gear via a chain
接著後車輪轉動推動單車向前運動
The rear wheel then turns and pushing the bicycle forward in motion
將前面直徑相對較大的驅動鏈輪鏈接到後面相對較小的隨動鏈輪，輸出的轉速會更快
With a relatively larger driver gear at the front for linking up a smaller driven gear at rear would increase the speed
凸輪 Cam
凸輪和隨動件 Cam and follower
梨形凸輪 Pear-shaped cam
參考試題：玩具火車頭 2024-DAT-P2C-Q9(c)(i) & (ii)
圓形凸輪 Circular cam
參考試題：機械玩具 2021-DAT-P2C-Q8(b)(i)
其他例子 Other examples
參考試題：電視遊戲無線控制器震動功能產生原理 2019-DAT-P1-Q2(c)
凸輪（偏心輪）的重心不在馬達轉軸中心上，馬達轉軸轉動時凸輪會產生離心力，從而產生震動。
The centre of weight of a cam (eccentric wheel cam) is not located on the shaft of a motor. When it rotates, the cam creates a centrifugal force that translates to vibrations.
參考試題：蘋果削皮機底座固定吸盤 2018-DAT-P1-Q4(a)(iii)
滑塊曲柄機構 Slider crank
曲柄 Crank
參考試題：手動馬鈴薯切削器 2021-DAT-P1-Q3(d), 蘋果削皮機底座固定吸盤 2018-DAT-P1-Q4(a)(iii)
參考試題：手動發電電筒 2019-DAT-P1-Q4(a)
曲柄功能：增加力距
Crank handle function: Increase torque / moment
連桿 Linkages
反向運動連桿 Reversed motion linkage
參考試題：吸管水樽 2024-DAT-P2C-Q7(b)(i)
參考試題：垃圾桶桶蓋 2020-DAT-P1-Q2(b)
推拉運動連桿 Push-pull motion linkage
參考試題：側掩式窗戶 2023-DAT-P1-Q3(a)(i) & (ii)
平行運動連桿 Parallel motion linkage
參考試題：儲存和陳列手錶的金屬箱箱蓋 2022-DAT-P2C-Q9(d)(i)
鐘式曲柄連桿 Bell crank linkage
剪式連桿 Scissor linkage
參考試題：伸縮手臂玩具 2023-DAT-P2C-Q9(c)(ii)
曲柄和滑塊連桿 Crank and slider linkage
參考試題：掛牆式鋁罐壓縮器 2024-DAT-P1-Q4(a)(i)
參考試題：玩具火車頭 2024-DAT-P2C-Q9(c)(i) & (iii)
槓桿 Lever
第一類槓桿 First class lever
參考試題：側掩式窗戶 2023-DAT-P1-Q3(a)(iii)
參考試題：手動木琴 2023-DAT-P2C-Q8(e)(ii)
參考試題：飲水機按壓桿 2022-DAT-P1-Q4(c)
參考試題：節約用水式水槍操作桿 2020-DAT-P1-Q3(b)(i)
參考試題：鉗子 2013-DAT-P2C-Q8(a)
第二類槓桿 Second class lever
參考試題：掛牆式鋁罐壓縮器 2024-DAT-P1-Q4(a)(ii)
參考試題：榨汁器 2017-DAT-P1-Q2(a)(ii)
第三類槓桿 Third class lever
參考試題：鉗子 2013-DAT-P2C-Q8(a)
機械利益 Mechanical Advantage (MA)
提升整體機械效益達至省力的設計。
原理：延長手柄以增加力點和支點之間的距離，從而增加機械利益。
Improve the mechanical advantage and achieve effort saving.
Principle: Lengthening the handle to increase the distance between the effort and fulcrum, thereby increasing the mechanical advantage of the machine.
參考試題：掛牆式鋁罐壓縮器更省力設計 2024-DAT-P1-Q4(b)
參考試題：節約用水式水槍更省力設計 2020-DAT-P1-Q3(b)(ii)
