DAT｜電子元素 Electronic Elements｜S2 科技原理 Technological Principles

常見電路符號概覽

電阻器 Resistor

限制電流流過，以保護電路的電器裝置
Control or limit the current flowing through, protecting the devices from burning out

可變電阻器 Variable Resistor

限制電流流過，以保護電路的電器裝置
Control or limit the current flowing through, protecting the devices from burning out
電阻能夠調節
Resistance is adjustable

電容器 Capacitor

儲存電荷，在需要時產生電流
Stores electric charge, generate a current when required

開關 Switch

用於打開／關閉電路／改變電流路徑或電路
Used for opening / closing a circuit / changing the current path or circuit

二極管 Diode

導通電流以單一方向流動／整流
Control an electric current to flow in one direction / rectification

電路符號上的箭頭指向電流流動的方向
Arrow on the electric symbol points the direction in which the current flow

晶體管 Transistor

放大電壓信號
Amplify voltage signals
為高功率裝置提供更大的電流，例如馬達
Function as a switch to provide larger currents for high power devices, such as motors

發光二極管 LED

電流可以單向流過 LED 並使其發光
A current can flow through an LED in one direction and make it light up

LED 符號的箭頭需要指向電流流向的方向
The arrow on the LED symbol needs topoint to the direction the current is flowing

Advantages

同一功率下，LED的耗電量較鎢絲燈／慳電膽低，可增加照明時間
LED can haveless power consumption than incandescent lamps/compact for the same unit of power, can increase lighting time

不易損壞，減少因震動帶來損壞
Not easy to be damaged, reduce damage caused by vibration

低壓電電流，安全性高
Much safer to use due to its low current and voltage

蜂鳴器 Buzzer

電流通過時振動並發出聲音
Vibrates and produces sound when an electric current passes through

電壓或電流的頻率會影響產生的聲音
The frequency of electric voltages or currents affects the sounds produced

馬達 Motor

將電能轉化為機械功
Convert electric energy to mechanical work

繼電器 Relay

由小電流控制的開關
A switch controlled by a small electric current
將大電流轉向到電路的不同部分，以控制高能量電器
Switches large currents to different portions of an electric circuit to control high-energy electrical appliances