經濟 ECON|廠商與生產 Firms and Production|企業的所有權 Business Ownership

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政府部門 Government Department

例子 Examples:

  • 消防處 Fire Service Department
  • 香港郵政 Hong Kong Post

公營公司 Public Corporation

例子 Examples:

  • 香港機場管理局 Hong Kong Airport Authority
  • 香港考評局 Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority
  • 醫院管理局 Hospital Authority
  • 海洋公園 Ocean Park

公營企業相對於私人企業的優缺點 Advantages & Disadvantages of Public Enterprises over Private Enterprises

優點 Advantages

政府對價格有更好的控制,所以政府或會降低價格從而減輕用戶和公眾的負擔。
Government will have a better control of the price so that it may reduce the price to relieve the burden of users and the general public.

  • 因為公營企業比私人企業較不著重利潤極大化。
    As public enterprises are less profit maximization than private enterprises.

較容易從政府取得有關公眾的資料以供決策之用。
Easier to get information about the general public from the government for decision-making.

在政府支持下較容易獲得貸款。
The company will be more easier to get loans as it is fully owned and supported by the government.

缺點 Disadvantages

有可能導致管理欠缺效率
It may make the management less efficient.

  • 營運成本或會更高
    The cost of operating the business may be higher.

公營企業或會對價格信號較不敏感。
Public enterprises may be less sensitive to price signal.

  • 相較於私人企業,公營企業經營相同業務的收入可能較低。
    The revenues of the same business operated by public enterprises may be lower when compared with that of private enterprises.

私有制 Private Ownership

私有制的特徵 Features of Private ownership

有限與無限債務責任 Limited and Unlimited Liability

有限債務責任 Limited Liability

東主的債務責任只限於其投資在廠商上的金額。
The liability of an owner of the firm is confined to the amount of his/her investment in the firm.

無限債務責任 Unlimited Liability

東主的債務責任不限於其投資在廠商上的金額。
The liability of an owner of the firm is NOT confined to the amount of his/her investment in the firm.


私人有限公司與公眾有限公司的分別 Difference Between Private Limited Company & Public Limited Company

私有制的特徵 Features of Private ownership

私人有限公司相較於公眾有限公司的好處/壞處 Advantages / Disadvantages of Private Limited Company over Public Limited Company

好處 Advantages

  • 被收購的風險較低
    Lower risks of being taken over.

私人有限公司不用向公眾公開其財務資料。
Do not need to disclose accounting information to the public.

壞處 Disadvantages

不能向公眾發行股票去籌集資金
Cannot issue shares to the public to raise capital.

  • 資金來源較窄。
    Narrower source of capital.
  • 較難轉讓所有權。
    More difficult on the transfer of ownership
    .