經濟 ECON|經濟表現的量度 Measurement of Economic Performance|本地居民總收入 Gross National Income

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本地居民總收入 (GNI) 的定義 The Definition of Gross National Income (GNI)

某經濟體系的居民,在某指定期間內(例如當年内),透過從事各項經濟活動而賺取的總收入。
Total income earned by the residents of an economy in a specified period of time (e.g. within the current year)

  • 居民 Resident
    指在某經濟體系內留下/打算留下至少 12 個月的人。
    Residents are the person who has remained / intend to remain in the economy for at least 12 months.

GDP 著重「在哪裡生產」,而 GNI 著重「是誰賺取收入」。
GDP focusing on where the production takes place, and GNI focusing on who earns the income.


公式 Formula

GNI(本地居民總收入)= GDP(本地生產總值)+ 從外地賺取的生產要素收入(生產要素收入流入)- 支付給外地的生產要素收入(生產要素收入流出)

GNI (Gross National Income) = GDP (Gross Domestic Product) + Factor Income From Abroad (Inflow of Factor Income) – Factor Income Paid Abroad (Outflow of Factor Income)


收入的性質 The Nature of Income

只有生產要素收入會包含在「從外地賺取的淨(生產要素)收入」的計算中。
Only factor income are included in the calculation of net (factor) income from abroad.

生產要素收入包括:
Factor income includes:

  • 薪資/工資/支付給員工的補償
    Wages / Salaries / Compensation paid to employees
  • 利潤
    Profit
  • 租金收入
    Rental income
  • 股息
    Dividends
  • 利息
    Interests